Instrumentation / Techniques

• FTIR for organic identification
• SEM/EDX for morphology and elemental composition
• XPS for surface chemistry
• XRD for crystalline phases
• DSC/TGA for polymer and thermal behaviour

Best for

• Unknown residue
• Foreign material identification
• Staining
• Discolouration
• Delamination
• Component failure
• Process-related contamination
• Supplier or material change issues
• Manufacturing defects